空间目标轨道信息软件平台的建设

空间目标轨道信息是空间态势感知的重要要素,是空间碰撞预警、空间碎片环境模型和许多空间应用的基础。因而,空间目标轨道确定成为空间态势感知的主要任务之一。文章介绍武汉大学测绘学院正在开发建设的空间目标轨道信息服务软件平台,该平台拥有的主要功能有:利用多源数据的卫星/空间碎片轨道确定(包括初轨确定)与预报、大气质量密度模型精化、空间碰撞预警和半解析法快速精密轨道传播等。文章还针对软件平台功能的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了软件平台发展规划。     

A nonlinear helicopter tracker using attitude measurements

Extended-Kalman-filter-based trackers are discussed for maneuvering helicopters that use body angle and rotor tip-path-plane angle measurements in addition to the usual radar position measurements. Improvements were found in tracker performance when the body rotation and rotor tip-path-plane degrees of freedom were modeled within the extended Kalman filter. Tracker performance was further improved when measurements of body angles and rotor tip-path-plane angles were made available to the tracker     

横侧静稳定性的一种分析方法

通过对迎角、侧滑角、后掠角等概念的几何意义进行确认,从几何上确定了各迎角间的关系,在不改变几何意义的基础上对有侧滑和无侧滑时的迎角关系式进行近似处理,并运用目前通行的方法推导了由侧滑导致的后掠翼飞机的滚转力矩公式,对后掠翼飞机横侧静稳定性的分析提出一种较准确的方法。这个方法几何意义明确,采用类比的方法后,避免了复杂的几何证明,因而公式的推导过程也比较简捷。 由于对基本概念的认识不同和近似处理的方法不同,所得滚转力矩的变化规律也是不同的。但在精度不高的情况下,各种方法所得的简化结果则相同。     

A new weighted mean temperature model in China

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been applied in meteorology to monitor the change of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) in atmosphere, transformed from Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). A key factor in converting the ZWD into the PWV is the weighted mean temperature ($T_m$), which has a direct impact on the accuracy of the transformation. A number of Bevis-type models, like $T_m-T_s$ and $T_m-T_s\text{,}{P}_s$ type models, have been developed by statistics approaches, and are not able to clearly depict the relationship between $T_m$ and the surface temperature, $T_s$. A new model for $T_m$, called weighted mean temperature norm model (abbreviated as norm model), is derived as a function of $T_s$, the lapse rate of temperature, δ, the tropopause height, $h_{\mathit{trop}}$, and the radiosonde station height, $h_s$. It is found that $T_m$ is better related to $T_s$ through an intermediate temperature. The small effects of lapse rate can be ignored and the tropopause height be obtained from an empirical model. Then the norm model is reduced to a simplified form, which causes fewer loss of accuracy and needs two inputs, $T_s$ and $h_s$. In site-specific fittings, the norm model performs much better, with RMS values reduced averagely by 0.45 K and the Mean of Absolute Differences (MAD) values by 0.2 K. The norm model is also found more appropriate than the linear models to fit $T_m$ in a large area, not only with the RMS value reduced from 4.3 K to 3.80 K, correlation coefficient $R^2$ increased from 0.84 to 0.88, and MAD decreased from 3.24 K to 2.90 K, but also with the distribution of simplified model values to be more reasonable. The RMS and MAD values of the differences between reference and computed PWVs are reduced by on average 16.3% and 14.27%, respectively, when using the new norm models instead of the linear model.     

计入螺旋桨干扰的倾转机翼飞行器气动特性研究

倾转机翼飞行器不仅拥有直升机固有的垂直起降能力,还具备传统固定翼飞行器特有的高速巡航的特点,是目前军民用飞行器研究的热点之一。针对传统倾转机翼飞行器存在螺旋桨气动效率低、倾转机构复杂的问题,提出四发串列式倾转机翼垂直起降布局形式,对该布局飞行器进行总体设计,完成螺旋桨周围流场特性、螺旋桨间干扰特性、螺旋桨和机翼之间干扰特性的研究分析,并制作验证机进行验证。结果表明:该布局很好地解决了螺旋桨气动效率低、传动机构复杂的问题,具有较强的可实现性及实用性。     

空间用9Cr18 钢PIII 复合离子注入表面改性工艺研究

采用等离子体浸没离子注人(PⅢ)技术对9Cr18轴承钢表面进行了双注入及共注入Ti+N工艺处理.测试了处理前后试样的显微硬度及真空摩擦因数,并表征分析了表面磨损形貌.结果表明:处理后试样的显微硬度都有大幅提高,最大增幅达68.7％；表面真空摩擦因数由0.15下降到0.08；磨斑尺寸及粗糙度分别减少了54.4％和37.4％.双注入与共注入方式在相同参数下,双注入处理后的试样表面综合性能更加优异.